![]() In particular, the Brazilian Supreme Court, known as the STF (Supremo Tribunal Federal), has been a key actor in deciding the policies that have taken precedence in legal conflicts around the country (for more information on this point, see this expert panel discussion). This is especially difficult in Brazil because the courts have generally played an important role in mediating conflicts between different levels of government in deciding which COVID-19 response measures should prevail. He had found his source and could finally update that cell in the COVID-19 Government Response Tracker database.Įven when volunteer coders are able to find recent, official information concerning the tracker indicators, they still need to verify whether the policies created by subnational governments are legal reality. They were all open and operating, which meant that no measures requiring the shops to close were in place. ![]() He quickly scrolled down the page until he saw a photo at the end of the article: it not only showed the commercial establishment that had been robbed but all the other establishments around it as well. Frustrated and about to give up, he came across a news report of a robbery in said city. With no official information being released by the city government, and with the news cycle increasingly moving on from COVID-19, Felipe wasn’t finding a reliable source to enter into the database. He had dedicated his weekend to it, as he usually does, but eventually got stuck in the indicator C2 - closings of workplaces. It was September 2021 when Felipe da Silva Santos was allocated to code Cruzeiro do Sul, a city in the state of Acre, in the northern (or Amazon) region of the country. The only way to complete the Oxford COVID-19 Government Response Tracker coding, therefore, was to dig deep online, and to come up with innovative strategies and research protocols that circumvented the problem. Moreover, after the municipal elections in November 2020, governments often failed to, or were slow to, restart updating COVID-19 policies on their sites. In other words, the webpages centralising governments’ COVID-19 response policies were generally no longer updated after September, 2020. But by the end of that year those efforts had ceased, largely due to confusion among local politicians as to whether providing such information counted as political campaigning using a publicly funded site, which would have been illegal in the run up to municipal elections. ![]() Initially in 2020, many sub-national Brazilian governments created web pages to provide information about the pandemic, including the policies that they had put in place (each of the country’s municipalities and state governments can pass their own decrees to enact or revoke preventative measures). This article was amended on 31 October 2022 to remove an incorrect reference stating that Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva had previously been impeached.The Brazilian subnational coders have had to be creative. The state of Minas Gerais is often held to be a bellwether. In the first round, Lula’s support was strongest in the north and east of the country, and Bolsonaro’s in the south. He secured 43% of the vote, which was more than pollsters had predicted.īecause the largest municipalities are often the last to declare, early results can be misleading. The second-placed candidate in the first round was the incumbent president, Jair Bolsonaro, a rightwing populist. ![]() Lula is a leftist from the Workers’ party he was convicted of corruption and spent time in jail, but his conviction was later annulled. The former president Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva, known as Lula, led with 48.4% of ballots. Because no single candidate won more than 50% of the vote, the leading two candidates were put through to a run-off. ![]() Brazil’s president is elected directly by the people any candidate with more than 50% of the vote wins, and there is no role in the election for parliament and no electoral college.Ī first round was held on Sunday 2 October, with 11 candidates. ![]()
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